Monetary Policy :: essays papers

Monetary Policy Summary The recent tax cuts and interest rate cuts have helped put the economy back on track. He says that the strong growth of the U.S. economy in recent months is neither an illusion nor an accident, but it reflects good monetary and fiscal policy over the past year. He says that there has been a key surge in consumer spending, and that the main reason for that surge was the enactment of the tax cut in early 2001. He also stated that the repeated reductions by the Fed in short-term interest rates supported the expansionary effect of the tax cut. Even though the interest rate reductions were not enough to prevent the recession that began in March of last year, the lower interest rates did stimulate consumer spending through a variety of channels. Analysis This article is also a good example of how the aggregate demand curve can be shifted by the determinant of monetary policy. Please refer again back to article #4, which explains the principle of the aggregate demand curve. By definition, Monetary Policy is a policy influencing the economy through changes in the banking system’s reserves that influence the money supply and credit availability in the economy. The purpose of monetary policy is to improve the economy by either increasing or decreasing the real income (or GDP) of the U.S. economy so that the economy is running at its potential. The Federal Reserve (The Fed) is responsible for conducting monetary policy for the United States Economy. There are three ways that the Fed conducts monetary policy: 1) Changing the reserve requirement. 2) Executing open market operations (buying and selling bonds). 3) Changing the discount rate. This article talks about the Fed decreasing the discount rate to stimulate the economy. The discount rate is the rate of interest the Fed charges for loans it makes to banks. An increase in the discount or interest rates makes it more expensive for banks to borrow from the Fed. A discount rate decrease makes it less expensive for banks to borrow. This article is talking about how the Fed decreased the discount rate making it easier for banks to borrow, increasing the money supply. The decrease in the discount rate increases the money supply because it lowers the bank=s costs and allows it to borrow more money from the Fed.

Business Profile of Ireland Essay

Ireland is an island located in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Almost all the areas of the country are covered by coastal areas. The density of rainfall is much in the western part of the country that receives heavy which exceeds 3000 mm (120 inches) per year and only 60% of rainfall is received in remaining areas having 762 mm rainfall per year. The country is hugely populated with Christian’s community (Thompson, 1849). The official language of the country is English and mother tongue is Irish. The education background of the country is that, 52.3% of the population are primary educated, 23.3% of the population are secondary and only 24.4% are t highly educate (Hall, 1995). Ireland is one of the most emerging countries of the United Kingdom. It allows the enthusiastic entrepreneurs to commence small as well as medium sized industries which facilitates in the growth and prosperity of the country. For this the so many assistance were provided like financial assistance from both the sides of government body and other institutions, imposing tax   at concession rate, simplified procedures for incorporating, economical tariffs and transportation costs. And other running costs prevailed is also lower compared to other parts of the UK. In addition to these the country is filled with energetic, enthusiastic, young, skilled and highly educated workforce. Ireland is a developing country with a total population of 436, 6193 according to the survey carried out in 2007.   Since1980, about 40% of the inward investment in the European Electronics sector has been contributed by Ireland (Hall, 1995). Now, it is being accepted as one of the growing countries in the world. Most of production functions are undertaken by the country itself and the well known software packages are designed in this country i.e. around 60% of the total software packages sold in different parts of the world. It is also well known that for the software export in the world. Out of top 15 pharmaceutical companies, 13 companies have been manufacturing and conducting R&D operations in Ireland. It also has been a full member of Euro Currency Zone from its inception. It can also simplify the transactions including cross border transactions and other administrative costs that enables the Irish market to gain competitive advantage over costs and gets economies of scale. ‘The Doing Business Report’ reports that the country is ranked 7 out of 181 economies in terms of ease of doing business (Economy Ranking, 2008). The report also documents that the country is accepted as the 5th economy among the 181 economies across the world to start a new venture. Source: (The Doing Business Report 2009, Economy Ranking, 2008) Political Environment The country’s political stability, risk assessment, administration and policy-making are very much feasible to the business people in domestic and their foreign policies are too favorable to the investors. Evaluating and anticipating the political stability and security to the business environment in Ireland, it can be said that the political stability of the country plays an important role in determining the entrance of new ventures in to their market. Their trade policies attract many new entrepreneurs to commence their business operations in the country. Recent emergence of emigration, environmental risk and the affect of technological changes to the political agenda   have been seen along with Ireland’s economic   performance, their   peace process, the policy areas of health, housing and industrial relations of the country. Economic growth rate since past decades of the country in terms of per capita GDP level showed a higher trend. The reason behind such development was imaginative i.e. the dynamic programs developed by Irish political and administrative leaders irrespective of the governing body mainly focused on the development of the country as a whole and not as an individual. Ireland’s good working condition and better relationship with the United Kingdom has enabled the two governments to achieve significant progress and developments in the country. Comparative advantage of the country When we are talking about the comparative advantage of the country it is necessary to evaluate the overall development of the country. There is a good sign in inflation rate which is showing decreasing trend from last decades, this resulted in increase in the purchasing power of the people and also the micro factors GDP and Per Capita of the country also showed a positive sign. In addition to these foreign exchange rate increased. This inspired more and more outside companies to establish their business in the country and increased the amount of contribution of the foreign companies in the country, this factor provided employment opportunities to the people of Ireland. The following are the various categories that offer large amount of employments to youth. –  Ireland Industries – Ireland Hi tech – Ireland real estate – Ireland Services – Sundry The other comparative advantage of the country is the prevailing taxation policy of the country. It impose lower rate of taxation for existing industries as well as new industries. The policy of taxation is based on the individual income .In other words, higher the income higher the rate of tax payable. Companies those who are following the conditions as mentioned in the assessment year of July 1998, only 10% corporate tax will be applicable. This tax slab rate will remain unchanged till 2010. If it is a passive income only 25% is applicable (Cantillon, 2001). Income tax imposed on individuals is also low as compared to other countries in the world. For an individual, tax will be payable according to income earned in Ireland and overseas who follows the requirements to become a resident of Ireland for. A foreign resident who is employed in Ireland is also liable to pay tax on income earned in Ireland. It is yet another comparative advantage over other countries. Besides this they are also preventing the levy of double tax to the foreign companies even though it is followed in other parts of the country. In addition to these advantages, the government of Ireland provides VISA to the foreigners to do business in their country. In certain occasions they give passport having 3 months validity to the foreigners to stay. And a work permit will be given to the foreigners by the government if all the conditions in the gazette are complied by them. And suppose they are issued without fulfilling the conditions it will badly affect the employ Tax. They are liable to pay tax on income earned in Ireland and overseas by an individual who meets the test of a â€Å"permanent resident† of Ireland. A foreign resident who is employed in Ireland pays tax only on income earned in Ireland and not on overseas. The work permit is granted for the period of one year if required it can be extended. The major industries of Ireland The major industries located in Ireland are Agriculture, Beverages, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Clothing, Construction, Electronics and Data Processing, Food Processing, Machinery, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, Tourism. Major companies working in Ireland Barry’s Tea Ltd It is a privately owned company. It was founded in Republic of Ireland in 1901 whose headquarter is situated at Cork. The main products of the company are Tea. About 73 employees are working in the company. The annual turnover of the company is â‚ ¬ 31 million. Baltimore Technologies It was founded in 1976 at Dublin, Ireland. About 12 employees are working in the company. The main products of the company are Public Key Infrastructure Solutions. The Company was acquired by Oryx International Growth Fund in July 2006. Airtricity The company was established in 1997 in Ireland. Paul Dowling is the current CEO of this company. Mainly they are producing electronic items. About 380 employees are working in the company. Arnotts It is one of the oldest and largest department stores at Dublin, Ireland. It was established in the year 1843 by Sir John Arnott. It is a privately owned company. â‚ ¬ 750000000 is the asset of the company. Market capitalization of the company is US$13billion.

High Blood Pressure Essay - 1374 Words

Data from World health organization (2002), estimated that high blood pressure was the cause of death for more than 7 million individuals every year, affecting 972 million of world population which accounts for 26.4% in total, 26.6% of those are men and 26.1% are women. In addition 333 million of those in developed countries and 639 million in developing countries and responsible for 11% of all diseases burden in industrial countries, it also estimated to be the case of death for more than 20% in men and almost 24% in women. (WHO, 2003), (Kearney et al, 2005) In the future, high blood pressure is predicted to increase about 60% by 2025 to reach a total of 1.56 billion. This increase expected to contribute of 9% and 13% in both men and†¦show more content†¦(Ezzati et al, 2002) High blood pressure also was estimated to be attributable of causing 9.3 % of disability in high income countries and 5.6% of disability in middle and low income countries. In Europe, around 12.8% of total disability –adjusted life-years estimated to cause by hypertension. (WHO.2002b) This high predicted rate of prevalence of high blood pressure represents a real challenge for the decision-makers in health field in the whole world public and nongovernmental organizations as well as world health organizations. One of the most important of which, is the high financial cost. For example, only in UK the high blood pressure medication cost around  £409 million yearly (BHS strategic review, 2010), and in The USA the high blood pressure medication cost about $17.8 billion yearly. (Thom et al, 2006) As result of higher prevalence of high blood pressure was among low educated people in comparing to high educated people, this explains how awareness is another burden to promote among less educated people. In the other hand increase of awareness among educated people make it easier to following instruction that prevent developed high blood pressure. (psaltopouloue t al ,2004) According to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detections, Evaluation and Treatment of high blood pressure. Anti- hypertensive medicinesShow MoreRelatedHypertension : High Blood Pressure Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Many of my clients with high blood pressure take premium Omega-3 oils, and have reported benefits such as decrease in spikes, normalized pressure readings and other cardiovascular beneficial effects. Hypertension is High Blood Pressure, and blood pressure is defined as: (from Wikipedia) ... the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arteriolesRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Essays1571 Words   |  7 PagesRaised blood pressure is major preventable cause of CVD, and hypertensive people are three times more likely to develop CVD. High blood pressure increases the workload on the heart and can damage the endothelial lining of blood vessels, cause an upsurge of infiltration of lipids into the arterial wall, worsen endothelial damage and enhance atherosclerotic deposition (Thomas Bishop, 2007). The most significant influences are obesity, excess alcohol and excess salt intake (Williams et al., 2004)Read MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1938 Words   |  8 Pages HYPERTENSION Summer 2015 Bhavneet K. Singh High blood pressure Definition: The heart is supplies the organs and tissues of the body with blood and nutrients it carries. It pumps blood into the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The blood that is pumped into these vessels puts pressure on the walls of the vessels. When the heart muscle contracts during each beat, the pressure rises as well. Blood pressure may be different at different times of the day. It is usually higher when someoneRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure2401 Words   |  10 PagesBackground Introduction Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure; a diet high in salt may predispose to hypertension. An increase in levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral vascular disease (stroke) and peripheral vascular disease. Within the western countries, those associated with a higher economic status, hypertension accounts for around 17% of deaths. A positive correlation between intakeRead MoreBasics Of High Blood Pressure1169 Words   |  5 Pages Basics of high blood pressure (HBP) learned Here I learned why a person lets his blood pressure be taken, how to interpret the numbers indicated in the stethoscope after a person’s blood pressure is taken, what is high blood pressure and pulse pressure, and its implications as well. I hope individuals who are a bit slow in comprehending things will find this article beneficial to them. Praise for fast learners Lots of people, especially those in the field of medicine: doctors and nurses, elderlyRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1124 Words   |  5 Pages Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a sickness that a great many individuals of different varieties are influenced by. In spite of the fact that stress and emotional pressure can incidentally expand pulse; however it would not be considered as hypertension. Hypertension normally is there with no manifestations. It may happen and stay inconspicuous for a long time. Individuals, until told by a therapeutic doctor by large disregard hypertension. Individuals are not mindful of how hypertensionRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1157 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health issue worldwide, in addition to the vast amounts of strokes, chronic kidney diseases (CDK), and heart failures. However, organized hypertension prevention and control interventions have demonstrated to decrease the detrimental outcomes. Additionally, the management of salt consumption also displays a decrease of blood pressure towards the population at risk. A global-base assessment of hypertension programs and salt consumptions was performedRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1881 Words   |  8 Pages Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. What does it mean to have high blood pressure? Blood pressure can be defined as the amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries. It is when the systolic reading is greater than 140 and the diastolic is greater than 90. Systolic is blood pressure when the heart contracts while diastolic is the time when the heart is relaxed. Primary care physicians are accustomed to seeing cases of hypertension.Read MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1767 Words   |  8 PagesHypertension Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is a condition that increases the chance of developing heart disease, which is the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Hypertension affects approximately 75 million adults in America, which translates to 29% of the population.1 Hypertension is a chronic condition that results with lasting blood pressure readings of 140/90 and higher and affects the cardiovascular system in the human body. The cardiovascular system is comprised

An Idea Of The Utilitarian Perspective - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 798 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? When we consider the concept of utilitarianism we base it on the pleasures and pains we encounter and how they balance regarding maximizing happiness overall. As Jeremy Bentham defines, â€Å"whatever will maximize utility; producing the most pleasure or happiness and avoiding or preventing pain or suffering† in Sandel’s Justice (2007). When taking a utilitarianism viewpoint, the results and consequences, such as the overall happiness, are the focus point. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Idea Of The Utilitarian Perspective" essay for you Create order Even further, John Stuart Mill’s principle of liberty argues that maximizing utility while regarding the long run can be acquired through regarding individual liberty and lead to maximum happiness overall (Sandel 2007). Utilitarianism essentially argues our actions are not as relevant as the outcome they produce, which is the importance we hold in maintaining happiness, and how the desire for happiness drives most of what we do. It also implies the importance of overall happiness in a community or as a whole versus the avoidance of pain and suffering and the desire to obtain such a balance of happiness over pain. So, when we regard the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number† concept via utilitarianism as said earlier by Bentham, the concept of a proposed Universal Basic Income should be questioned as to who and how many will be experiencing this â€Å"greater good† and how it affects them in a utilitarianism viewpoint. The simple idea of a proposed UBI of $12,000 a year seems like a parallel concept with utilitarianism on the surface but there may be some deeper roots regarding whether this approach would support such a proposal. In utilitarianism this UBI idea could provide an overall accepted proposal in a group theory, such that the majority of people would benefit and acquire the most happiness as a whole, not just independently. The proposal of a UBI seems to be a very progressive one. It can provide substantial help in just simple livelihood and basic living expenses especially for lower class or lower income communities. The utilitarian prospective would agree that in theory this proposal would in fact support such a fundamental help for the whole of people and provide the most happiness for the greatest number within survival means. When considering the benefits of happiness as a whole broken down into the higher class and lower classes, we could assume that since the top 1% holds the highest number of income the rest of the population would have been influenced far greater by the UBI. When we look closer at this assumption a utilitarianism outlook would agree that since the higher population stands within a lower net worth than the top 1% who, although holds a higher net worth, would show that the maximum happiness would be obtained for the greater as a whole community. Regardless if the taxes resulted in those with high incomes paying back the money obtained by the UBI, the overall happiness as a whole would still be balanced with the greater pleasure for the whole over the potential pain. Some underlying presumptions could include that, assuming existing programs that help those with limited means are to remain, the source for such a proposal would come from higher taxes and affect those with higher incomes more. Assuming that the taxes collected for this program wouldn’t affect those with higher incomes significantly enough to be a major problem, utilitarianism would agree that although those with higher incomes would essentially pay back the money from the UBI the overall happiness would increase as a whole. This can be presumed since those with lower incomes would now have a basis for living, and even if there is still a gap between net worth of lower and higher incomes, the majority of people would now have the ability to invest in basic living expenses, presumably increasing overall happiness and decreasing pain and suffering. However, looking deeper into the utilitarian perspective, overall happiness may have some levels to context. Although this proposed UBI can provide a basic income providing enough money to stay above the poverty line and may give people more opportunities with their lives and dreams, situationally it may still drive a gap between availability to certain living conditions and locations. Even though new money wouldn’t be created, since it is collected through higher taxes, so inflation wouldn’t occur, this proposed UBI still wouldn’t provide enough money for people to live â€Å"lavishly† or even within certain higher cost living areas, such as city living versus suburban living, or social settings for those with lower income. So, a utilitarian might argue that although overall people would be living in a basic income comfortably, able to avoid the welfare program requirements and invest in self-interests, there might still be some clear differences in oppo rtunities and life styles and living locations between those with lower income and higher incomes.

Changing The Face Of Poverty - 1238 Words

Words provoke preconceived ideas and images in the mind, when it comes to a situation like poverty these preconceived notions can have undesirable and unintended consequences. Diana George examines the semantics and the imagery of the word poverty in her article titled â€Å"Changing the Face of Poverty; Nonprofits and the Problem of Representation. While also addressing the issue of the perception poverty and what someone in poverty truly looks like (676). Prof. George is arguing that organizations like Habitat for Humanity, which are created to help people in poverty actually perpetuate the wrong image of what someone in poverty looks like (678). Most organizations created to help those in need, especially those in the US tend to portray poverty as what is seen and thought of as living conditions in Third World countries (683). In reality, poverty is all around each and every one of us in this country on a daily basis, and people might not always recognize it for what it is (681,6 82). Furthermore, the majority of people living in poverty in the United States do not live like or look like someone living in a Third World country. But in reality they are still living in poverty nonetheless (682,683). Organizations that portray people living in poverty here in the US as totally devastated and completely impoverished are doing a disservice to the people they are attempting to help. Consequently, by doing this they are giving a limiting idea of what someone living in povertyShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts Of The Habitat Of Poverty By Diana George725 Words   |  3 Pages In the article in the textbook (Changing the Face of poverty) by Diana George represents the children who are going through poverty by showing an image of a little girl. Who is used to present the world on how poverty can really traumatize the people who are living through it, so the viewers can consume a better understanding for those who have never witness the terrible outcome of what poverty can d o to men, women, and children. Also, mentions an organization called Habitat of Humanity who sheRead MoreFace Of Poverty1641 Words   |  7 Pages The text Changing the Face of Poverty by Diana George and the text Homeless on Campus by Eleanor J. Bader deals with the main idea of poverty in its different forms across America. The authors want to prove that people are turning a blind eye towards poverty because many people do not see it in their everyday lives. If the rising destitution in America would be acknowledged, programs such as Habitat for Humanity and the LeTendre Education fund could be more efficient in tending to the needs ofRead MoreClimate Change and Poverty1734 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change and Poverty Over the past few decades, a major concern is the threat climate change possess for today’s economy. Millions of people are affected each and every day by climate change but this is just the beginning of the worst. One thing that seems to go unharmed by climate change is social status; how long will money last as a barrier to the effects of Mother Nature? How does poverty increase the risks associated the devastating powers of climate change? When speaking in termsRead MoreJeannee Castles Views On Poverty In The Glass Castle1263 Words   |  6 Pagesescape the poverty-stricken lives of their parents. In her descriptions of her life and the lives of her family members, Walls influenced my ideas about poverty, homelessness, and escaping hard lives. Jeannette Walls’ The Glass Castle influenced my ideas about poverty by showing me that poverty can yield positive results. Before reading The Glass Castle, I believed that all poverty was tragic and life ruining. I thought that nothing positive or advantageous could come of out poverty. ReadingRead MoreIs The Best Approach Tackle Global Poverty? Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagestackle global poverty? Discuss with reference to free trade, fair trade and foreign aid. Poverty, the state of being extremely poor, affects a large proportion of the global population who are unable to access adequate levels of food, shelter, healthcare and education. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that reducing poverty is considered to be a net positive without addressing the concept from a variety of theoretical lenses. The World Bank quantitatively defines those living in poverty as individualsRead MorePublic Education System For Education1688 Words   |  7 Pageseducation while students in a low poverty community receive a higher quality of education. It is frustrating that even when socio-economic statuses are rapidly merging and changing that an educational achievement gap still exists between low-income minority students in inner city schools and their white higher income counterparts who live in the suburbs. Educators, policymakers, and researchers all attest to the fact that a large number of schools, particularly in high poverty inner city schools, ar e ineffectivelyRead MoreThe Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesToni Cade Bambara addresses how knowledge is the means by which one can escape out of poverty in her story The Lesson. In her story she identifies with race, economic inequality, and literary epiphany during the early 1970’s. In this story children of African American progeny come face to face with their own poverty and reality. This realism of society’s social standard was made known to them on a sunny afternoon field trip to a toy store on Fifth Avenue. Through the use of an African American protagonistRead MorePoverty in Canada Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty in Canada Sociology 1000: Writing Assignment 11/26/2012 Cassandra Vincent How can there be so many people in poverty? It is all around us even though Canada has made the G20 Richest Nations; they still have one of the highest poverty rates for in the industrialized world. Through reading many articles such as Ann Duffy and Nancy Mandell’s â€Å"Poverty in Canada†, others that I have found online, and my own personal experience I have learned the numerous reasons why so many people inRead MoreEffects of Inner-City Poverty on Youth Essay example881 Words   |  4 PagesUrban High-Poverty Areas on Youth With the rising poverty levels in today’s society, the amount of youth that has been affected by poverty has increased substantially, rising more than fifty percent in the last twenty years. Studies show that there are at least nine million kids living in high-poverty areas of the United States. Children raised in poverty have no choice, but are forced to view the American dream in a very grim manner. For children and young kids growing up in high poverty areas drugsRead MoreClimate Change Challenges986 Words   |  4 Pageshighlighted the risks it poses to rural livelihoods associated with changing weather patterns and sea level rise. The risks arising from climate change are projected to be unequally distributed globally and regionally. African continent is most vulnerable to the effects of climate change despite being the least global greenhouse gas emitter. The continents highest vulnerability is exacerbated by inadequate awareness, widespread poverty, overreliance on climate sensitive natural resources for livelihood

Roman Catholic Saints Free Essays

Well there are over 2,500 according to Roman Catholicism sources, but no definitive count. This is because many were put into saint hood a long time ago by popular demand of the people. How the Church chooses saints Canonization, the process the Church uses to name a saint, has only been used since the tenth century. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Catholic Saints or any similar topic only for you Order Now For hundreds of years, saints were chosen by public acclaim. Though this was a more democratic way to recognize saints, some saints’ stories were distorted by legend and some never existed. Gradually, the bishops and finally the Vatican took over authority for approving saints. In 1983, Pope John Paul II made sweeping changes in the canonization procedure. The process begins after the death of a Catholic whom people regard as holy. Often, the process starts many years after death in order give perspective on the candidate. The local bishop investigates the candidate’s life and writings for heroic virtue. Then a panel of theologians at the Vatican evaluates the candidate. After approval by the panel and cardinals of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the pope proclaims the candidate â€Å"venerable. The next step, beatification, requires evidence of one miracle (except in the case of martyrs). Since miracles are considered proof that the person is in heaven and can intercede for us, the miracle must take place after the candidate’s death and as a result of a specific petition to the candidate. When the pope proclaims the candidate beatified or â€Å"blessed,† the person can be venerated by a particular region or group of people with whom the person holds special importance. Only after one more miracle will the pope canonize the saint (this includes martyrs as well). The title of saint tells us that the person lived a holy life, is in heaven, and is to be honored by the universal Church. Canonization does not â€Å"make† a person a saint; it recognizes what God has already done. When the church began honoring saints By the year 100 A. D. , Christians were honoring other Christians who had died, and asking for their intercession. Many people think that honoring saints was something the Church set up later, but it was part of Christianity from the very beginning. As a matter of fact, this practice came from a long-standing tradition in the Jewish faith of honoring prophets and holy people with shrines. The first saints were martyrs, people who had given up their lives for the Faith in the persecution of Christians. Keeping statues or pictures is not idolatry Look at the pictures of your loved ones in your wallet or around your home or office. Why do you keep these particular pictures? You might answer that you carry those pictures to remind you of people you love, to help you feel that they’re close to you when you’re not together, or to share with people you meet. But you probably didn’t say you worshipped them. Those are some of the same reasons we have statues and pictures of saints. Seeing a statue of Saint Therese of Lisieux who lost her mother when she was a child might make us feel less alone when we are grieving. A picture of Saint Francis of Assisi might remind us of how much he loved God’s creation and make us more aware of our environment. We pray with saints We pray with saints, not to them. Have you ever asked anyone to pray for you when you were having a hard time? Why did you choose to ask that person? You may have chosen someone you could trust, or someone who understood your problem, or someone who was close to God. Those are all reasons we ask saints to pray for us in times of trouble. Since saints led holy lives and are close to God in heaven, we feel that their prayers are particularly effective. Often we ask particular saints to pray for us if we feel they have a particular interest in our problem. For example, many people ask Saint Monica to pray for them if they have trouble with unanswered prayers, because Monica prayed for twenty years for her son to be converted. Finally her prayers were answered in a way she never dreamed of — her son, Augustine, became a canonized saint and a Doctor of the Church. Bread and Wine Symbol Bread and Wine/Wheat and Grapes: Because of the bread and wine they produce, the symbols of wheat and grapes are often used to designate the Eucharist. Bread is the basic food of every culture and of every age in human history. Made from the toil of human hands, the many grains of wheat are transformed and become one to nourish and sustain us. A meal, in which bread is broken and shared, becomes a means of bonding human beings together. This is the sign Jesus used to describe Himself as the â€Å"Bread of Life. Following His command, in faith we take and eat this Bread, His Body, and become one with Him. From ancient times wine is associated with banquets, joy and celebration, a gift of God to gladden our hearts. The grapes, like the grains of wheat used for bread, are fruits of the earth and give of themselves in order that we might celebrate and be glad. This sign which Jesus used for His Blood, speaks to us of giving and of sacrifice in order that we might enjoy the benefits of His love in the banquet which is the foretaste of heavenly joy How to cite Roman Catholic Saints, Papers

Business Law and Ethics Tower Flours

Question: Discuss about the Business Law and Ethicsfor Tower Flours. Answer: Introduction In this case Mikaela is the owner of a cake shop and the ingredients come to her shop is from Tower Flours. The owner of Tower Flours is Ricky. Before ordering flour from Tower Flours, Mikaela confirmed that whether the flour is gluten-free or not because the flour with gluten may cause problem to health and the customer of Mikaelas shop had demand of gluten-free cake. An online contract has taken place between Mikaela and Ricky, the owner of Tower Flours but in the online contract the terms were not described. Verbal contract or oral contract has been occurred between Ricky, the owner of Tower Flours and Mikaela, the owner of a cake shop[1]. It is necessary that while among a contract between two parties, the terms and conditions should be written in the legal contract but in this case oral contract took place where it was assured that the flour will be gluten-free but in the online contract that term was not written. So it can be ethically said that there is an implied contract where terms are discussed orally by in an expressive or clear way, it is not discussed in any contract document or online contract that the flour will be gluten-free. An implied contract took place between Mikaela and Ricky (Tower Flours) that almond flour will be gluten-free[2]. Generally there are some principles of business law that while forming any contract or agreement between two parties, it is important that the terms and conditions should be clearly stated in a written way, so that no one can breach nay of the terms and breaching the contract may ask penalty from the guilty party by the innocent party. In a common law of Australia while doing contract some of the rules are needed to be appropriately stated[3]. It is necessary that in the agreement or deal of Mikaela and Tower Flours (Ricky) it was needed to be stated in the online agreement that the flour must be gluten free which was not done. The agreement was discussed in an implied term and the type of the contract was written type between Mikaela and Tower Flours (Ricky). For the wedding ceremony of Dan and Jacob an order was taken by Mikaela. Dan and Jacob ordered for an almond four cake but they have not mentioned that they need gluten free cake as Dan has coelic disease which can herm her. So in this case, order was given but in order any instructions were not mentioned and even it was not mentioned that the cake has to be gluten free. So in this case any implied contract has not took place between Mikaela and Dan and Jacob[4]. According to common law of Australia, as Fan and Jacob has not ordered for a gluten-free cake so they can neither sue Mikaela and nor can breach the contract between them. Exclusion occurs in this place because when the cake in the shop of Mikaela is sold in market it is sold by saying that the flour through which the cake is made is gluten free. In this case people are falsified or victim of misleading by her. Even Mikaela is misleaded or cheated by Tower Flours, who assured her that, the four which they are selling are gluten free. Mikaela is affected by Misrepresentation Act of 1972. In case of this act if any false statement is given to someone then it is known as misrepresentation act which is the case of misleading[5]. In this scenario Tower Flours can be sued by Mikaela according to section 2 of Misrepresentation Act of 1972. As implied tem of the contract is breached so Mikaela can sue Tower Flours for misleading the oral contract. In case of Dan and Jacob, they have ordered cake by knowing that gluten free cake is available with Mikaela. So in this case Dan and Jacob cannot directly sue Mikaela but they may claim on the quality of the product which is available with him[6]. There is a reputation of Mikaela that he sells gluten free good bakery products but consumers are not satisfied with his product as Dan has felt some reactions after eating the cake made by her. In this case as contract has not been made so they directly cannot sue her but according to Australian Consumer Rights Act 2011, Dan and Jacob can ask back for the refund from Mikaela[7]. As per Consumer Rights Act the customer can claim of the quality of the product[8]. So in this Mikaela cannot be sue but can ask monetary refund or penalty by Dan and Jacob for their health issue which they experienced after eating he cake which was not gluten free. When Kimiko ordered cake in the shop of Mikaela she stated some o the conditions before giving the order. Kimiko said that the cake will be chocolate cake which will cover with a purple and blue icing, as she was planning the cake for a sports function. After making the agreement of the cake order with Mikaela, Kimiko found a sign in a wall that they are not responsible for the breach of the warranty. After getting delivery of the cake Kimiko found that the colour of the icing was green and blue which was not ordered to Mikaela. This was the mistake of Mikaela because she has not given the appropriate colour of icing which was needed. In this case the icing colour is the condition. This is not the warranty. This is the condition because everything was clearly stated when the contract formation was taking place[9]. Negligence has done by Mikaela in taking the order or making the product which was ordered so in this case refund or penalty may have to be asked from Mikaela by Kimiko but if the quality or delivery of time was breached then it could by warranty and no can be done on breach of warranty which is stated in the sign of the wall by Mikaela. When the order has been given by Kimiko, it was clearly stated that the cake will be chocolate cake and the icing of the cake will be blue and purple, as it is for sports purpose. All the descriptions are the conditions of the order. Among the entire conditions one was breached by Mikaela because of her negligence and carelessness. She has used wrong icing colour on the cake which was her careless act. Condition is the root of any contract and if any rule or terms of the condition is breached then the contract may be cancelled by the innocent party. In this case Kimiko can cancel the order or ask for the refund as Mikaela has delivered wrong order. In case of breach of condition in a contract the innocent party has right to terminate the contract which can be done by Kimiko[10]. There should be some basic principles of any condition in a contract that elements and terms of the contract should be fulfilled by both the parties and the person who breaches the term or condition should be asked penalty from him. In this case scenario breach of duty of care has done by Mikaela because she has performed careless cake in doing the icing of the cake[11]. It is the duty of Mikaela to appropriately take the order and make those things understood to the worker of her company before delivering the cake. So in this case Mikaela has not taken the order appropriately and not fulfilled her duty and breached both the duty and conditions of the order or agreement. The colour which she used was wrong and by this way negligence is done by her and duty of care is breached. In this case neighbours principle is hurt and Kimiko is the neighbour whose principle is hurt because her plan for arranging cake in the sports function was not fulfilled because of the wrong colour of icing on the chocolate cake which ordered. In this case Mikaela is highly responsible for such mistake and for that reason she may be asked penalty. In this case financial penalty should be asked from Mikaela. In a business law there are some ethical principles which are needed to be fulfilled by those people who make contract between each other[12]. It is necessary that ethical rules should be fulfilled because any contract in a business should have some terms and conditions which are needed to be fulfilled whenever necessary.